Hercules and Syprus :: essays research papers

Now Heracles had just finished his tweleveth labour when the pansy give tongue to that he has another labour.Hercales is now devistated and angry at the king alone he does not show it.He looks up to the king and says O your highness, shake upnt you put me into enough danger of your liking?NoThe king shouted.Heracles was now ready(a) to run away because the king was putting to much pressure on him but he decided to do this one last labour.You will have to go into the village of Athens and there you will ask many people about Syprus,the deadliest dragon ever Said the king Zeus.Now the king was precise satisfied that Heracles fullfilled all his demands but he wasnt satisfied with the quantity of labours.This dragon is so fierce that he can eat the lions of the forests and jungles without even trying.He once had eaten the godess Aphrodite but she had escaped with great courage and strength said the king.And what are the weaknesses of this fierce and dangerous creature you are talki ng about oh great onesaid Heracles.There are none, Im afraidsaid the king slyly.You will have to kill this dragon and flay it.Then you will put your hands amongst its long and leatherlike tail and you will feel for a large rectangular box.You will bring this box to me but you shall not open it.This is your final labour and I wish you to fullfill it or else....the king said nodding.Well I must be heading my way to the village Athen to do my last labour,do you wish me keen luck and safety,o great one?asked Heracles.The king did not say anything for a moment and then shouted out Go on before I change my mind to something more worse.But there wasnt anything more worse than the Syprus, so if Heracles stayed the king would just have to make up something.Heracles left and do his way to Athens.When he got there he asked almost all of the working villagers and all of them pointed him to go into the large core out in the North of Athens.Heracles went North and shew a large cave that can fit the whole world.By the looks of this cave I can see that the one that Ive been looking for has been looking for mesiad Heracles.Heracles went into the cave and took out his large club that he had carved and went to explore.

Purple Robe and Anemones :: Essays Papers

Purple nightie and AnemonesHenri Matisse, the leader of the Fauvist movement and master of aesthetic order, was born in Le Cateau-Cambresis in northern France on December 31, 1869. The son of a middle-class family, he canvas and began to practice law. In 1890, however, while recovering slowly from an attack of appendicitis, his mother bought him a key set and he became intrigued by the practice of painting. In 1892, having given up his law career, he went to Paris to study art formally. His first teachers were academically skilled and relatively conservative, Matisses own early style was a conventional form of naturalism, and he made many copies after the old masters. He overly studied more contemporary art, especially that of the impressionists, and he began to experiment, earning a reputation as a rebellious member of his studio classes. Matisses true fastidious liberation, in terms of the use of color to render forms and organize spatial planes, came ab give away first throu gh the influence of Gauguin, Cezanne and van Gogh, whose work he studied closely. Then, Matisse encountered the pointillist painting of Edmond Cross and Signac. By 1905 he had produced some of the boldest color images ever created. His images of dancers, and of human figures in general, convey expressive form first and the particular lucubrate of anatomy only secondarily. Although intellectually sophisticated, Matisse always emphasized the importance of instinct and intuition in the production of a work of art. He argued that an artist did non have complete control over color and form instead, colors, shapes, and lines would come to dictate to the sensitive artist how they might be employed in congener to one another. He often emphasized his joy in abandoning himself to the play of the forces of color and design. He explained the rhythmic, but distorted, forms of many of his figures in terms of the working out of a total pictorial harmony. In 1937, Matisse asked his model Lydia D electorskaya to pose in a purple robe, for a painting he later named Purple Robe and Anemones. When Matisse started the painting he had no intention of painting a portrait that looked like a photograph and readily admitted that his paintings were not faithful re-creations of reality. He believed that winning liberties with reality allowed him to convey the very essence of his subject. When accused of painting unrealistic images of women, he explained, I do not create a woman, I defecate a picture.

The Development of Musical Literacy in Relation to the Learning of a Primary Language :: Musical Education Music Essays

The Development of Musical Literacy in Relation to the Learning of a Primary Language Many p arnts burst their childs chance to succeed before they send them off to their first day of kindergarten. So much of Ameri merchantman ball club believes more or less that the talents and abilities of a child can only be as good as what was passed onto them from the genes of their parents. Therefore, before they even enter the school system, parents, teachers, and students besides hold high, average, or low expectations for the success of the child. These expectations can be held for all areas of school subject matter, but they tend to especially apply in areas where society considers talent instead of persistence to be one of the chief attributors of success. Such an area is music. I am always amazed at the amount of parents who are willing to say Well, Ive never been able to understand music, and my child certainly could not have inherited any kind of musical readiness from me. Therefore, even if they really want to try to learn music, they probably wont be very good at it. This kind of rationality can at best set up the child to believe that they have a very small chance of being good at music, and motility them to give it a try anyway, and to keep persisting if they are met with a moderately surprising amount of success. Typically, a child will be resistant against any musical instruction they are faced with if they have been told either verbally or indirectly that they have not inherited any talent for it, and thus continue the cycle of Well, I was never good in music, therefore my children wont be either. What would happen, however, if children were all raised from alliance with the attitude that regardless of their background, they could all achieve amazing measures of success in whatever they tried to do? What would be the outcome of a society that believed talent was something that could be developed upon entrance into the world, inste ad of a set amount being instilled into a child based upon what they inherited from their parents? First, I would like to establish that talent, especially musical talent, can be developed. Second, I would like to offer more successful ways of teaching children to develop these talents.

Use of Mise en Scene in the Film Yellow Earth :: Movie Film Essays

Use of Mise en Scene in the Film Yellow estateThe film Yellow Earth is the sad tale of a girl being forced to follow her fate. She sees an opportunity to escape in a foreigner, a soldier from the south. In this film, handler Chen Kaige and cinematographer Zhang Yimou create windows into their characters. Several scenes are made more significant because of the use of mise en scene. This technique allows the viewer to see everything that happens during the course of the scene.The close impactful scene is perhaps when the soldier Gu is first brought into their home. Although the camera will show different shots, cartridge holder is still continuous. It is not an interruption and is only contemptible to provide the audience with a better view. The continuousness of time is important because the audience knows everything that is occurring between the characters. The viewer hears their conversations and their silences. This use if mise en scene allows the viewer to regain a sense of the tension between Gu and the family (as he is a newcomer), and between Cuiqiao and the others.There are two main angles that Yimou uses in this scene. One is center on on Gu and the other is centered on Cuiqiao, from slightly to the right of Gus perspective. Whenever the shot is facing Gu, it is at his level. Everything is level with his camera angle and straight with his life. Cuiqiaos angle, however, is looking down on her. This is reflective of her current emotional state. She is sorrowful and repressed.Whenever a character performs an important action, the camera shows them. The first time that Cuiqiao and Han Han are spoken to, they become visible. Also, we see Cuiqiaos reactions when they are important to her characterization. Gu speaks somewhat about the South and how free and wonderful it is. Cuiqiaos marvel is expressed on her face. The audience also sees Cuiqiao forgetting about what she is doing with the bellows.

Overcomes Hard Times in The Jilting of Granny Weatherall Essay

naan Weatherall Overcomes Hard Times in The Jilting of Granny WeatherallIn the short story, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall, an older char is having flashbacks of her life, while she is slowly dying. Throughout her life, this woman, Granny Weatherall, has had many life altering experiences. With these experiences, she has become the strong woman that we have become to know. With a name the like Weatherall, one can only imagine what she has been though. Forty years earlier, Granny Weatherall became ill from not only milk leg but also forficate pneumonia, which she recuperated from. Granny Weatherall also had a tough sentence when her youngest and most favorable child died. Her daughter, Hapsy, passed away while giving birth to her child. Another tough time in Granny Weatheralls life was when her first love, George, left her on her wedding day. After getting married, having kids, and keeping the farm on a stable basis, Granny?s husband, John, passed away. With him gone Gr anny Weatherall had to raise their kids by herself, and she also had to keep the farm going, such a...

Overcomes Hard Times in The Jilting of Granny Weatherall Essay

grandma Weatherall Overcomes Hard Times in The Jilting of Granny WeatherallIn the short story, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall, an older woman is having flashbacks of her life, while she is slowly dying. Throughout her life, this woman, Granny Weatherall, has had many life altering experiences. With these experiences, she has become the strong woman that we have become to know. With a name like Weatherall, one can only imagine what she has been though. Forty years earlier, Granny Weatherall became ill from not only milk leg and also double pneumonia, which she recuperated from. Granny Weatherall also had a tough time when her youngest and most favorable child died. Her daughter, Hapsy, passed away while giving birth to her child. other tough time in Granny Weatheralls life was when her first love, George, left her on her wedding day. After getting married, having kids, and keeping the farm on a stable basis, Granny?s husband, John, passed away. With him gone Granny Weathe rall had to raise their kids by herself, and she also had to keep the farm going, such a...

Individual Assignment: Vulnerable Population Article Essay

Based on my understanding of what I have read over the past week, I would square up a vulnerable population as some(prenominal) individual or group of people with a decreased capacity to communicate effectively in a given setting. The term vulnerable populations is be defined as people with questionable capacity. It is further stated that, children, comatose patients, fetuses, prisoners, or mentally unfortunate patients, among others are considered vulnerable populations (Miracle, 2010). As a clinical search nurse, it is my responsibility to ensure that all of my patients (or subjects) submit a signed and dated informed coincide (IC) form prior to enrollment in a field. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that all clinical trials or study sponsors (pharmaceutical manufacturer of the study drug) contain proof of IC for each subject, in every trial, without exception in their respective trial master file (TMF).Potential barriers for participants in clinical research studies might be patients or subjects who are uneducated, and or, patients who are not able to assure his or her health care provider that they fully understand discipline that is provided, and IC may not be obtained. The NIH defines consent capacity as an adults ability to understand information relevant to making an informed, spontaneous decision to participate in research. This information includes a description of the study, its potential risks and benefits, the right to give voluntary consent, the right to withdraw from the study, anonymity, confidentiality, and ways to lessen any risks. However, many people do not understand these components of an informed consent for a variety of reasons. These include people with mental disorders, neurological disorders such as stroke or dementia, metabolic impairment, psychoactive medications, substance abuse, and head trauma.Others who may be unable to provide consent include children, fetuses, prisoners, the terminally ill, and pregnant women (Miracle, 2010). well-nigh of my experience with vulnerable groups, while working as a clinical research nurse, has been with young women who became during the study period, later IC was obtained. Generally speaking, pregnancy should be avoided at all costs during participation in a clinical trial in which a woman is ingesting a study drug. Depending on study design or how a studys protocol is written, it may require that the women participants not get pregnant for a specified period after study drug is completed, in order to avoid harm to the woman and her unborn fetus.When a patient becomes pregnant during the study drug period or within the specified period after study drug completion, the study sponsor) is required to report this as an adverse event (any untoward and/or unforeseen event during the clinical trial that could potentially harm the patient). The patient must then be followed by her trial physician throughout her pregnancy, and through the corrupts first ye ar of life, to ensure the health of both mom and baby for one year after study completion. If any complications arise, the sponsor is prudent for all necessary care.ReferenceMiracle, V. A. (2010). Vulnerable Populations in Research. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing , 242-245.

A Real Contemporary Problem: Fraternity Deaths and Violence

Imagine a picture of an ideal university, Lush green surroundings, modernized facilities, eccentric and highly accepted professors stuttering about, carefully selected learners with their own caliber to boast, chatting freely in the grounds and the basic motto of Honor and Excellence hanging in the air.This irrefutable university exists as the in truth epitome of academic excellence. Future leaders of the society gather around this acropolis. This is where bright promising young minds clash and mesh to form a boulder that will serve as the structural foundation of the country within the next years to come.However, beneath this beautiful facade lies a different picture. stinker the curtains of lies and deception is a whole different story unveiled. Behind these walls whispers a cry of injustice and a desperate plea for the destruction of a system of rules that had long been bound by wealth and power.On the 27 of August on the same year, three cars dropped off a badly beaten body of a boy to the hospital. His name was Chris Mendez, a bookman in his last year of college about to graduate with a degree of Public Administration and Governance. Minutes later, he was pronounced dead, hopes for a better life for his family died along with him.University of the Philippines offers the best facilities for educational attainment in the country. With the country paying most of the needed expenses through subsidies, students who hive up their knowledge there are called Scholars of the Nation.The University is famous for the outstanding graduates they produce. This is where the phrase freedom of speech comes from. Students in the UP are known for their rallies against social injustices and corruption active in the government. There is also one other thing that they are known for.University of the Philippines hosts a lot of Student Organizations. From academics, sports, common interests, they have it all, and that includes fraternities and sororities (Arrowsmith, 2004). All student organizations has a form of Rights of Acceptance, it will be forever imbued in the social and political culture of the school. Most of these initiation rights include hazing.The 20 year onetime(a) Chris Mendez, was not the only who became the victim of hazing and other frat-related deaths and violence. Hazing, as part of the universitys tradition in acceptance had victims who suffered physically and mentally.RA 8049, also known as the Anti-Hazing states the comment of hazing as a practice in a prerequisite for acceptance and placing the applicant in a mortifying situation such as coercing him to do menial, foolish and other similar tasks or activities.Yet it does not take effect until, the neophyte suffers from bruises, injuries or even worse, death. As a proof, not one of the student organizations has or had been arrested for merely shouting at an applicant in front of many people or hurling hurtful words that demeans the student as a person.Worse, even the administr ation itself is practicing these traditional rights of acceptance. AR Santiago, the son of former Senator Miriam Defensor-Santiago committed suicide after being turned down in his lotion study in the UP College of Law.The panel was reported to use cruel ship canal in interviewing applicants, even asking in an underhanded way of how he can cope with an insane lady for a mother (Arrowsmith, 2004).Such injustice had been happening and would not have been noticed if a senators son hadnt died. Up to now the law of the jungle where the strong crushes the weak occurs. It is instilled in the values of the University s organizations and even in some of the administration that these archaic ways are the solution for the students to be prepared for the real world ahead, that indeed connections and power and wealth for position does exist.The Band of BrothersThe word fraternity is defined (Encarta, 2007) as an organization formed to enhance the social, academic, professional or personal intere sts of members. Its word comes from the Latin word frater meaning brother.

Frankenstein Book Report

I. Author and Author Background 1. ) bloody shame Wollstonecraft Shelley was born on August 30, 1797, and died February 1, 1851, at the age of fifty-four. She was born into a family of literary celebrities. Her come, Mary Wollstonecraft, and her return, William Godwin, were both(prenominal) distinguished authors. Unfortunately, due to the circumstances of Mary Shelleys birth, her mother died eleven days after giving birth to her due to puerperal fever. Her mothers demise left Godwin to cargon for Mary and her 3-year-old half-sister, Fanny.Mary Shelley was eighteen, not yet nineteen, when she wrote Frankenstein. She started writing Frankenstein in 1816, which was the same year she married her husband, Percy Shelley. Mary Shelley had four children end-to-end her life. Unfortunately, three of them died early in their lives. Her fourth child named Percy Florence lived even longer than Mary herself. Of wholly the heartbreak and miseries that Mary Shelley had gone through, there had to frameer been or so of her own personal hi bosh evident in the romance.Since there were so many shoemakers lasts in her life her sisters suicide, her mothers death, and her three childrens death, the demon, in my opinion, could have represented the ailmentes and the deaths that she had encountered. She whitethorn have felt like the very character she created, schoolmaster Frankenstein, which may be the reason she portray the character so well. Although she encountered many deaths, like Victor Frankenstein, I believe that she felt similar to the way the giant star had. After all, Mary Shelley was neglected by her father and her step-mother after the death of her birth mother.She often felt alone and unhappy just as the monster had. II. Gothic Novel 1. ) The components of a knightly novel force out be extensive, but they all atomic number 18 mainly the same in some shape or form. A gothic novel should have some type of mystery or suspenseful mood. Some type of supern atural occurrences should be somewhere in the story. Emotions should be on acuity for some characters because the characters are often overcome by high emotions, such as sadness or terror. In many gothic novels, there are usually females in distress or some kind of overpowering male that is a threat to them. In gothic novels, something called a metonymy is used.For example, if there was a scene in a novel where the character is filled with commodious sorrow, there would be a dark and gloomy rainstorm. The vocabulary of a gothic novel can in addition play a huge role. There are some words in a gothic novel that are used very often. Anguish and hopeless are very popular words used to represent sadness, so popular, in fact, that they were used repeatedly in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein. It is said that the first gothic novel originated in 1764 when the novel The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole was written. The word goth originally came from a Germanic tribe.The Romans regarded got hs as crude and unsophisticated. Considering the meaning of the word Goth is a person of no refinement, the Romans were spot on. Since there is some sort of supernatural beings or occurrences in gothic novels, Frankenstein definitely falls into the gothic literature category. Frankenstein fits because Victor Frankenstein made his monster out of dead batchs body parts and brought it to life. In Gothic novels there are usually horrific elements of terror. In the novel, Frankenstein, the monster instills fear in people because of his threats to Victor and the murders he committed.In fact, two of the people the monster killed consisted of a naive child and an innocent woman. III. Romantic Novel 1. ) Romantic novels usually consist of different elements and characteristics. There is usually some kind of efficacious love between characters. It is usually an overwhelming emotion for the character. Love occurred in Frankenstein between Victor and Elizabeth because they wanted to stick ou t married and be together. Generally the lovers have to part because of some obstacle or event that takes place. Victor and Elizabeth were indeed parted after Victor left to go to Ingolstadt to do research nearly different philosophical studies.Considering most romantic novels take place in a foreign setting. Frankenstein fits the characteristic, the countries that Frankenstein visits are curious and distant. The monster in Frankenstein sets up an element typically seen in Romantic novels when he threatens Victor by telling him he leave alone be with him on his wedding night. Elizabeth ended up as a target and was killed because of the monsters revenge towards Victor. This put emotions on edge, which is a very popular characteristic in Romantic novels. The monster is also very bizarre and unusual especially in its appearance and insight.Frankensteins monster is not something that would be encountered very often and it is not very believable. IV. simulation Story 1. ) In the begin ning of the novel, police captain Walton is writing letters to his sister in order to inform her about the things he had encountered on his voyage. He frames the story because he lays down the makings of how Victor Frankenstein will be telling his story. Captain Walton informs the reader that he starts to catch fond of Victor and he could tell he had gone through some hard times that had nearly drained him. 2. Starting at Chapter 1, the story is told by Victor Frankenstein. He is enlightening Captain Walton by telling him his sad and painful story of his past. 3. ) At Chapter 11, the third story was told by none other than the monster himself. His story was framed by Victors story because it had taken place during the same period that Victor thought he had gotten exempt of the monster. 4. ) Towards the end of the novel, after Victor is consummate with telling his story to the captain, he dies. This continues the framework of the main story because it takes place after the story is told.The novel finishes with the story being told from Captain Waltons present of view. He finishes his story just as he started it he continues to write to his sister telling her about his thoughts and feelings of Victor Frankenstein and his monster. V. Doppelganger 1. ) There are many possibilities why Frankenstein would want the death of his beloved family and friends. Victor is as much of a monster as the thing he created. A. Victor had the acquaintance of Williams death and he knew who the murderer was. It was almost as if he wanted the monster to continue killing his family.He never tried hard in order to get rid of the monster he had created. William was almost, in a way, Victors way to torture himself for making the monster. William may have caused the death of Victors mother this may have been a reason for Frankenstein wanting the death of William. B. Justine died because she had been set up by Victors secret. Justine could have lived, but in order for her vindication, Victor had to tell the truth and stop the menace. Justine had always been in the family and she had so often been accepted and loved by Victors family. Which may be why Victor thought it was better she die.C. Clerval died because Victor could not admit to himself that he was the reason that William and Justine both were killed. They could have been spared if Victor wasnt so secretive and manipulative towards his family and friends. Clerval was one of the only ones who had any idea about what kind of experiments and studies Frankenstein had been orchestrating. Victor may not have wanted Clerval to tell his family and friends of what he was doing. D. Elizabeth died because Victor didnt want to make a female for the monster. The monster wanted acceptance more than anything but Victor wouldnt help him.Elizabeth died because of Victors trickery and non-acceptance towards his own creation. He didnt even protect Elizabeth after the monster told him he would be with him on his wedding nigh t. Elizabeths death may have been a way for Victor to keep her to himself. If she was dead, then no one else could have her, especially not the monster. E. Victors father died because Victor couldnt come to the self-realization that he was an egotistical and selfish human being who was blaming all of the murders on the monster, when, in reality, Frankenstein was the true reason that so many people were hurt.Victor may have wanted the death of his father because he believed that his father could have done more to save his mother. VI. Allusions 1. ) The Greek legend of Prometheus has a connection and similarities to Mary Shelleys Frankenstein. Prometheus was one of the Titan gods. He wanted to create a being which was able to absorb spirit, and Prometheus took the Great Compromiser and water and shaped human beings according to the image of the gods. After another god named Athena breathed life into his work, they came alive. Unfortunately, genus Zeus and some fellow gods found out about the beings and wanted the humans to worship the gods.The gods promised to take care of the human beings if they adored the gods and did what they were told in order to be protected. Prometheus went to Zeus as a watcher of the human-beings to make sure that the conditions would not be too hard. But he tricked Zeus. Due to Prometheuss trickery, Zeus punished the human beings with despair and sickness and refused them the essential fire. This did not sit well with Prometheus, so he stole a piece of the sunniness and brought the fire to the humans and as a result, Zeus got very angry and had Prometheus tortured.After the reading of this myth, there was no doubt that Prometheus had a connection to Frankenstein. Both Prometheus and Frankenstein went too far without thinking about the consequences of their actions. In both stories, life was given to self-made bodies. Like Prometheus, Frankenstein wants to create his own species that would be of a wonderful and happy existence. Due t o their limitations, Frankenstein and Prometheus both went into isolations of their own kind. Frankenstein chose his, while Prometheus was agonistic to live out his life by himself, all while both were tortured.The differences between them were that Prometheus cared for his creations, while Frankenstein despised his creation and wanted nothing to do with it. VII. solution (Universal Truths) and Quotations 1. )Revenge is a very common theme in novels. This is mostly because humans allow their anger to get the best of them at the worst possible times. When a person is overcome with rage and has revenge on their mind, they dont think rationally. The author conveyed this in her story well because some of the characters experienced great amounts of rage and revenge.Many ambitious people are always in the pursuit of knowledge, but they dont always find what they are looking for. sometimes ignorance truly is better than what you discover in the long run and you dont know that until its t oo late. Having a conflict between a child and a parent isnt always just in teenage years. No matter what a kid and a parent do, they will never see eye to eye all the time and that is just how it is. The truth of the matter is, revenge is a desire that can overcome person in retaliation to something or someone who has done harm.There will always be something new to learn, which means more people in pursuit of the unknown. 2. )You can blast my other passions but revenge remains revenge, henceforth dearer than light of food I may die, but first you, my tyrant and tormentor, shall curse the sun that gazes on your misery. 1. The monster is talking towards Frankenstein during which time the quote was said. 2. At this point in the book, Frankenstein refused the monster its request to make another creature like him and got rid of the unfinished creation. The monster is very upset and tells Frankenstein that he will have his revenge. 3.This quote is on page 123 of the novel. 4. This quo te relates to the theme revenge because the monster feels so angry at Frankenstein, that he feels revenge is the only way to solve his problems. Once something angers a being, a passion for revenge is often the retaliation that occurs. 3. ) describe from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow. 1. Frankenstein is speaking to Captain Walton as he begins his story. 2.Captain Walton is sitting with Frankenstein during which time he is starting to tell the Captain about all of the horrific things that have happened to him and what he should learn and take with him from his story. 3. This quote resides on page 31 of Frankenstein. 4. What Frankenstein says in this quote definitely relates to the theme pursuit of knowledge because Victor Frankenstein wanted to learn so much, that he couldnt see what was happening around him. His pursuit of knowledge took over him, as it does most people who are eager to learn. 4. ) Oh My creator, make me happy let me feel gratitude towards you for one benefitLet me see that I excite the sympathy of some be thing do not deny me my request 1. The monster is speaking to Frankenstein earnestly. 2. The monster is asking Frankenstein for one favor so he may be accepted. He wants him to make another creature like him, only female. 3. This quote is on page 105. 4. This quote relates to the theme conflict with parent and child because it shows how the monster and Frankenstein havent gotten along, which is why the monster is pleading so sincerely. This is similar with parents and children today they dont always get along or comprise each other, no matter how desperate they seem.

Managing the Virus Hunters Essay

A-1 * Vincent use technical, human, conceptual skills to maintain an environment that encourages innovation and professionalism among the virus hunter by recognizing his employees that can second the new product development of the company.* He know how to communicate, motivate and inspire his team * He understands the relationship of the companies subunits and visualizes how his thing fits into its broader.A-2 A. Vincent play the management role as he had weekly security briefing conference calls with confreres around the world because as a manager he must had a lot of learning that he must give or share to his co-workers and He must have always a new ideas regarding to virus that they had encounter so that his co-worker may also learn from him.B. Through this situation Vincent play decisional role because he assess the feasibility of adding network security consulting.C. in this case he is engaging and connecting to his employees by reminding them to kept focused n the companys c ommitment to the customer and this king of activities done by Vincent can be separate as interpersonal roles because he interact and engaged with his employees.A-3 Symantec is a global leader in providing security, storage and systems management solutions to help our customers from consumers and small businesses to the largest global organizations undertake and manage their information against more risks at more points, more completely and efficiently than any other company. Our companys unique focus is to quench risks to information, technology and processes independent of the device, platform, interaction or location.* Positioned for Growth * Protect completely * Manage easily * Control automaticallyA-4 The managers learn the following from Vincent Weafer and Symantic approach* all step in the companys growth we have expanded both our technological expertise and our understanding of customer needs.* Ability to successfully coalesce internally developed with technologies we acquire has kept the companies at the front of its industry and enabled them to provide best-of-breed solutions for millions of corporate and individual customers.

A Worn Path Critical Analysis Essay

How old are you Granny? he was saying. There is no give tongue to mister, she said, no telling. Well, Granny, he said, You must be a hundred years old and scared of nonhing (216-217). Granny is an old woman described as being so old that her skin was as if she had a tree in the middle of her forehead with numberless branching wrinkles (213). genus capital of Arizona Jackson is her name. She is an African American woman, very old, withered and frail.Phoenix is the protagonist in Eudora Weltys story A Worn Path. Throughout time, people have gone on their own journeys, traveling rocky roads, climbing mountains while overcoming obstacles along the way while grasping on to hope to capacityen each step they waste. This brusque story brings in southern Mississippi, likely in the early 1900s. It is a cold December morning, the earth still frozen and once again Phoenix will begin her long journey through the thick pine woods. Despite the odds that are against her, Phoenixs determin ation and undying get it on for her grandson will carry her the many miles she has to travel. What are the odds that are against Phoenix?See morehow to write a critical analysis outlineWhat obstacles does Phoenix have to overcome? What is her destination? The greatest odd that stands against Phoenix is her age. She is very old and tired. On her journey she must walk over a hill, when she reaches the blanket she says, Seem like there is chains about my feet, time I get this far (214). Despite her age, Phoenix still exists, because she has a purpose. She is able to enamour all because of the love she has for her grandson. Phoenix knows that it is up to her to walk to town to retrieve the medicine he needs to live. She is all he has, he depends on her.The strength she receives Lewis2 feeds off of the love she has for him. Phoenix endured many obstacles on her journey to town. One of the biggest obstacles she has to overcome is a wild dog. The wild dog appears and causes Phoenix to fall down. She is not able to get up, so she talks to herself, That black dog comes up out of those woods to stall you off (216). She is telling herself this because it helps her to be strong as if she is thinking your not going to let this dog deter you, are you? Now, along comes the second obstacle. A hunter appears with his dog. He is a white man. all the same though he is a God send and saves her he is a racist and bully. He tells her she needs to go home where she will be safe. She tells him no She is on her way to town, and she is not stopping until she gets there. Then he tries to intimidate Phoenix by pointing a gun right in her face and intercommunicate her if it scares her with an arrogant smirk on his face. She stands up to him, stares him straight in the eyes and tells him she is not scared of it or him and has seen many guns in worse situations. During this time he drops a nickel Phoenix sneakily picks it up and puts it in her pocket.As he walks away she says to herse lf, God watching me the whole time. I come to theft (217). Even though she knows stealing is wrong, she feels that God will pardon her and this time it is justifiable due to the humiliation he put her through. Once again for the interestingness of her grandson she finds the inner strength she needs to continue on. She finally arrives to the town of Natchez and went straight to the Dr. s office. She was so tired now that she was depending solely on her feet to guide her and take her up the flights of stairs that stood before her and to the correct office where she faces yetLewis3 another obstacle. Now, standing in the office, when the receptionist asks for her name, her mind goes blank. The receptionist starts making racial slurs, A charity look I suppose (218). It wasnt until the nurse who knew Phoenix came out and refreshed her memory that she finally remembered why she was there. She is overwhelmed by guilt, wondering how she could forget her grandson, her life, her purpose. She begins reflecting her life as if she is trying to find a justifiable reason for forgetting about him.She blames this on the fact that she is uneducated. She suck ins a vow with herself never to forget her grandson again. The receptionist who seemed very cold in the beginning now finds within herself compassion towards Phoenix and offers to give her a few pennies. Even though Phoenix is uneducated she lets her know five pennies make a nickel, with that, the receptionist gives her a nickel. Phoenix is happy, she now knows that the nickel along with the nickel she took from the hunter is enough money to buy her grandson a Christmas present.This replenishes her soul and spirit to begin her long journey on the path back home. For whatever reason, Phoenix is the only one in the world her grandson has to care for him. This is her purpose in life. She has travelled down this path at least two or three years to get his medicine. She also knows that when she leaves him, he is all by hims elf until she returns. There is zero point a good grandmother would not do for the sake of her grandchild. This is enough purpose to give Phoenix the endurance she needs to go on. This story shows us that love can conquer all things.

The First Day In Australia

Would like to talk about my first day in Australia in this essay. I arrived in Sydney on the 3rd of April 201 3 and it was raining heavily. However, everything looked interesting to me. Was planning to visit Commonwealth Bank at Martin Place as soon as I stepped out of the airplane. When got there, was surprised because the architectural style of the building was luxurious and antique, and it felt very Western. Then I met a teller who greeted me kindly. He made jokes to me. They were funny jokes, but at that time, I did not answer.I was regretful I could not say anything to him in English. After that, I left for a backpacker hostel that is known as a popular place for foreigners. Unfortunately, there were a lot Of people waiting to Stay in there. Thus, I had to move another one. Finally I effectuate a different backpacker hostel. As I opened the door of my room, its melancholic atmosphere overwhelmed me. Eventually, I decided to stay only 3 long time because of the uncomfortable, u nfamiliar air and because the accommodation fee was unfair.In the first night, I was not able to sleep deeply. Lying in the bed, really worried about my purport in Australia. Being unsure about my future made me afraid. Time has slipped along. Compared with the past, many things have changed recently. Nowadays I am trying to improve my support in Australia constantly in order to step forward by studying English and making friends. If I have an opportunity, I would like to watch in Australia.

Advantages of living in big cities

Advantages of living in sizable cities better transport facilities yarn-dye has an extensive public transport system, largely establish on buses, trolley buses, taxis, and a rapidly expanding underpass system. There be 12 metro lines and 303 stations,with an operational route length of 468 kilometres (291 m), making the system the minute longest in the world. On 16 October 2013, with the indication of Line 11 into Kunshan, Jiangsu province, Shanghai Metro became the outgrowth rapid transit system in chinaw are to connect two provincial-level administrative ivisions.There are plans to encourage connect the Shanghai Metro with the metro systems of Suzhou and Wuxi. more(prenominal) argumentation opportunities Firstly, the industrialization has lend oneselfn a agglomerate of modernistic Jobs such as services, advertising and marketing. As a consequence, opportunities to work in those brand new fields are widely suggested to everyone. Afterward, multinational companies gra nt been coming to cooperate and set up economic relationships with the country. Factories and branches are opened in the metropolis as a result. This has led to appealing offers of large moment of Jobs for many dwellers.Thus, Its much easier to discern a well paid Job or any Job for despered. better quality of education schools are incomparable with those in a smal towns. Fudan University, Jiao Tong University, shanghai newyork university Descent medical examination care and hospitals when you have an emergency or a serious disease in a big city you can easy find any hospital near a place you defy and take a short cartridge holder to clear there. meet more raftCities have a large population and plenty of people to ommunicate with, often from several nationalities.To meet people from different part of the world, you may not get to go any farther than the local grocery store or park. the myriad life of the city easy access to cinemas ,theaters, museums for those who like cu lture. For fussys, shops on every corner,lots of pubs and restaurants to choose. Places to go and things to do in a city are not hard to find. Dating and nightlife are abundant in cities plenty of clubs and social gatherings give ou a better chance of meeting friends or that special someone.If you get home office from work recent and have no time to cook, a restaurant is sure to be close to home. If you are similarly tired to go out, it is as simple as a strait call to have the nourishment delivered quickly to your door. When you are in the mood for a good mental picture or concert, there are usually several to choose from within a short control distance. If you want to shop, the local centerfield has many stores in one place. Plenty of schools exist close to home for children. By JulieyuyixianAdvantages of Living in Big CitiesShanghai has an extensive public transport system, largely based on buses, trolley buses, taxis, and a rapidly expanding metro system. There are 12 me tro lines and 303 stations,with an operating route length of 468 kilometres (291 mi), making the system the second longest in the world. On 16 October 2013, with the extension of Line 11 into Kunshan, Jiangsu province, Shanghai Metro became the first rapid transit system in China to connect two provincial-level administrative divisions.There are plans to further connect the Shanghai Metro with the metro systems of Suzhou and Wuxi. more job opportunities Firstly, the industrialization has given a lot of new jobs such as services, advertising and marketing. As a consequence, opportunities to work in those brand new fields are widely suggested to everyone. Afterward, multinational companies have been coming to cooperate and set up economic relationships with the country. Factories and branches are opened in the city as a result. This has led to appealing offers of large number of jobs for many dwellers.Thus, Its much easier to find a well paid job or any job for despered. better quali ty of education schools are incomparable with those in a smal towns. Fudan University, Jiao Tong University, shanghai newyork university Descent medical care and hospitals when you have an emergency or a serious disease in a big city you can easy find any hospital near a place you live and take a short time to get there. meet more peopleCities have a large population and plenty of people to communicate with, often from several nationalities.To meet people from different parts of the world, you may not need to go any farther than the local grocery store or park. the myriad life of the metropolis easy access to cinemas ,theaters, museums for those who like culture. For fussys, shops on every corner,lots of pubs and restaurants to choose. Places to go and things to do in a city are not hard to find. Dating and nightlife are abundant in cities plenty of clubs and social gatherings give you a better chance of meeting friends or that special someone.If you get home from work late and have no time to cook, a restaurant is sure to be close to home. If you are too tired to go out, it is as simple as a phone call to have the food delivered quickly to your door. When you are in the mood for a good movie or concert, there are usually several to choose from within a short driving distance. If you want to shop, the local mall has many stores in one place. Plenty of schools exist close to home for children.

Quikr vs Olx

SWOT ANALYSIS TEMPLATE Before you sit down to protrude the future of your clubs trade activities, you need to take stock of where your club is now and why you are there. One useable way to get a clear picture of where your club before long sits is by using a SWOT analysis. SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. By using the SWOT analysis you fundament identify where your club stands in the market, which provides a useful launch pad for making future marketing plans. Take the time to work by dint of the SWOT process carefully and you will contract a clearer idea of The things your club does well, and the things you need to improve on (strengths and opportunities). What types of contention exist for your club and which ones can be defended (strengths and threats) Whether your club needs to change the product itself to protect from outside influences (weaknesses and threats) Which issues your club needs to make as its priorities (weaknesses and oppor tunities). Strengths When you look at the strengths, concentrate on the club itself and whether it can achieve the outcomes you want.Examples of strengths let in Strong monetary base. Strong topical anesthetic need for your product, many new members, etc. Group of skilled volunteers. Support from local businesses, politicians, etc. Well-equipped clubhouse. Committee is well-structured, enthusiastic, capable, etc. Weaknesses Weaknesses often appear as the direct opposite of the strengths listed above and include Weak financial base. Diminishing need or desire for your product, fewer new members, etc. a couple of(prenominal) volunteers. No support from local businesses, politicians, etc. Out of view ill equipped clubhouse. Committee is poorly structured, overworked, disinterested, etc. Opportunities Opportunities refer to the possibilities of new growth because of the changes in the external environment and can include much(prenominal) things as Promotion of sport by government authorities, e. g. renewed Push Play campaign. New community of potential users moving into the area, e. g. with children. Grants by local and national government to encourage sport and recreation. Organisations looking to betray local activities. Seasonal interest in particular sports, e. g cricket in summer, football in winter. International or national interests the activity your club is involved in, e. g Commonwealth or Olympic Games. Promotion of your activity to a different age group or gender e. g. lawn bowls to teenagers, rugby football to girls. Threats As with strengths and weaknesses, the threats are often very similar to the opportunities. Examples of threats include Traditional sponsors of sport and recreation ever-changing the way they spend their sponsorship dollars. Seasonal interest in particular sports or activities which is in direct disceptation with your own, e. g. competing codes of Rugby. Promotion of sport to different age groups or gen der which competes with your clubs interest e. g. ballet and soccer for girls. Other interests including television, video games, school activities, part-time work for teenagers, and so on. Time related issues for example, competition for volunteers time, longer working hours, twain parents working children unable to attend, limited available free time for both children and parents. Other organisations with better facilities. Lack of knowledge and interest in your product. A SWOT Analysis should be drawn up to look like this Internal STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES Factors Vision simple and quick Not having international experience, therefore diversification (Things about Strong funding might be a problem at later stage. your club) Experienced partners Norwest Venture Partners brings in a lot of No acquisition till date as a result OLX has surpassed quikr. experience Employee base is very low Need to increase the gross sales force and Horizontal rather than vertical target oth er opportunity to increase market share. guest Centric, not just technology centric Free missed call Investment in analytics, runny platforms External OPPORTUNITIES THREATS Factors Internet penetration(10%) is bound to increase Low entry barrier (Things Internet surfing through mobiles has surpassed PC. Competitors have international experience and deep pockets. outside of Mobile base is huge and recently they have introduced a missed call Zero switching cost. your club) feature. Intense Competiton Cloud computing (SaaS, PaaS) could be useful in reducing the cost. Network Effects Its a great idea to draw this up on a whiteboard or large piece of paper and use as a brainstorm base at a committee meeting.

Drug Abuse within University Students in Ottawa Essay

The term medicine subvert revives to either use of any medicine for approximatelything else a part from its planned medical or psychiatric purpose. The use of such do medicatess may involve development prescription do mediciness for wrong purposes or apply outlaw(a) drugs. For instance, search has shown that in capital of Canada many university students take drugs non for the intended medical use but mainly to get towering. about students from capital of Canada who clapperclaw the drugs in intimately lessons obtain the drugs illegally from unlawful sources.This puts their lives in danger as they engage in dangerous methods of use of drugs that swerve from the accepted medical practice or scientific knowledge and they take drugs for reasons that they atomic number 18 not meant for (Weibe, 1994). The capital of Canada integrated drugs and addictions strategy fraternity ne iirk chip in been holding several meetings in an attempt to identify the issues associate t o embarrassion, treatment, harm step-down and enforcement among the capital of Canada university students winsome in substance tread. In this regard, the community ne devilrk is on that pointfore preparing to consult the public on related issues.The consultation from the public by the community can only be do conveniently through with(predicate) research, studies and surveys. Thesis statement The contumely of drugs such as cocain, marijuana, heroin and other illicit drugs has been on the improvement among university students in capital of Canada. Several attempts progress to been made by diverse groups including the Ottawa integrated drugs and addictions strategy community network to come up with disallowive measures and health promotion strategies but the drug twist around by these students is still on the rise.The current studies however shoot raised to a greater extent fix on the egg-producing(prenominal) student abusers since in the recent past, less attention has been presumptuousness to them and this as a ensue has uncovered them to excessive abuse of these drugs and accordingly facing severe defending as compargond to their manlike counterparts who be ab victimisation the kindred drugs (Single, Robson, Xie & Rehm, 1996). Research questions Some of the questions prep atomic number 18d for the phenomenological research included do the university students in Ottawa use or abuse drugs? If they do abuse the drugs then what are the close to unremarkably abuse substances among the students?What percentage of womanish students abuse drugs in relation to the percentage of the manlike students who abuse the alike drugs? Is there any difference in the level of inspiration between the sex activitys? What effects do the student abusers come from the uptake of these drugs? Do the drug abusers suffer the corresponding effects? Interviewing For our interview we are not handout to inquire about the name of the student being intervi ewed but we are rather going to refer to the students as student one up to student 6-spotsome respectively. Our interview questions are going to be based on the research questions mentioned above.This being a phenomenological research whatever is describe in this written report is going to be exactly as it appeared to the observer during the research (Rocheleau, 1995). bookman one police detective as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? assimilator one the of drugs use by university students in Ottawa is growing at a truly exalted rate and therefore fits to be referred to as drug abuse since in nearly case are used for purposes other than the intended ones, for instance most students take drugs to get high. investigator what are the most ordinarily abused drugs by the university students at heart Ottawa? savant one the most commonly used drugs are cocaine, marijuana and at t imes heroin and many others. researcher how would you approximate the depend of womanish students abusing drugs relative to the list of antheral students in percentage? naturalise-age child one it is a event that the sum up of male students abusing the drugs is high(prenominal) than that of the effeminate students abusing drugs and it can be approximated to about 50% of the womanish macrocosm and 70% of the male population. Researcher what effects do the drug abusers suffer subsequently consuming the drugs? pupil one most students suffer depressive disorders and mood disorders. Student two Researcher as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student two actually the drug consumption by university students in Ottawa only fits to be described as drug abuse. Researcher Why do you think the description best fits abuse? Student two the use of drugs has become too much and besides t he drugs used by students are addictive and not meant improve health. Researcher which drugs do the university students in Ottawa used most?Student two the drugs commonly used are cocaine and marijuana but others like heroin and alcohol are also used. Researcher which group is most affected by the addiction habits, is it the male students or the effeminate person students? Student two the male students seem to be much affected than the womanly students since they seem to consume in wide-ranging numbers compared to the female students. Researcher what effects do they suffer after consuming the drugs? Student two the effects mostly suffered include mood disorders and depressive disorders. Researcher do both the female and the male students suffer the same effects?Student two other than the al take a shit mentioned disorders, female students do suffer a lot of stigma and confrontation from their family members and friends conflicting male students who do not experience the same ( Pauline, 1997). Student three Researcher as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student three the drugs that are consumed and as they are consumed by university students within Ottawa are definitely abuse. Researcher which drugs do the university students in Ottawa use most?Student three the drugs commonly used are cocaine, marijuana, heroin and alcohol. Researcher how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage? Student three the number of female students using the drugs is usually lower than that of the male students abusing the drugs so according to my approximation it is 48% for female and 65% for male. Researcher what are the effects of drug abuse by the students? Student three students who abuse the drugs in most cases seem depressed and out of mood and usually fail to finish normally.Researcher which group do you think is most affected by the drugs? Student three the female students seem to be more(prenominal) affected since they tend to suffer more long term effects than male students. Student quaternity Researcher as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student iv the drugs as consumed by the students are more abuse that use. Researcher why do you say so? Student four the rate, the purpose and the frequency of drug consumption by university students cannot be termed as usage.Researcher which drugs do the university students in Ottawa use most? Student four the drugs commonly consumed are marijuana, cocaine, alcohol, heroin among others. Researcher how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage? Student four the percentage of male students consuming drugs is usually higher than that of the female students consu ming drugs. Researcher what are the effects of drug abuse by the students? Student four the effects of drugs includes stigma which is mostly suffered by female students, others effects are mood disorders and depression.Student louvre Researcher as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student five the rate and quantity at which drugs are consumed is said to be abused. Researcher which drugs do the university students in Ottawa use most? Student five the drugs commonly used include cocaine and alcohol. Researcher how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage?Student five the number of female students consuming the drugs when compared to the male students is 45% to 65 %. Researcher what are the effects of drug abuse by the students? Student five the effects are hangover, failing to perform properly, dizziness and depression. Researcher which group do you think is most affected by the drugs? Student five those who abuse the drugs suffer the same effects. Student six Researcher as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student six the students do abuse the drugs.Researcher which drugs do the university students in Ottawa use most? Student six mostly they consume cocaine and at times alcohol, marijuana, heroin and many others. Researcher how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage? Student six the percentage for male students abusing drugs is higher than those of female abusing drugs. Researcher what are the effects of drug abuse by the students? Student six drug abuse causes depression, malfunctioning, mood disorders and many others. Purpose of the reflectThe main objective of the study on drug abuse by university students in Ottawa was to take on out if the students do use or abuse the drugs, to establish the motivations shtup the consumption of these drugs, to clarify the rate of drug abuse by university students in Ottawa, to identify the drugs mainly abused by university students in Ottawa, to substantiate the relationship between the female students consumption and male students consumption, to identify how the abuse of these drugs affect the lives of the students, to identify some of the measures that can be interpreted to prevent drug abuse by the students and to treat the al get to affected students(Pauline, 1997). Delimitations of the study The main advantage enjoyed during the study was that it was easy to find and interview unlike students on the issue of drug abuse among them since the study was conducted during school session when all students were in their respective learning institutions therefore it involved less cost rough look for students to interview. In addition, enough mys terious rooms for interviews were provided where students felt free to share their ideas on the consequence of discussion. Limitations Even though the students were available, most of them proved so unreliable.This is because most of the students were not ready to be interviewed. Those who were ready for the interview however tended to give inadequate cultivation since most of them did not want to disclose copious information regarding their drug use status as they considered it something private and therefore wanted to preserve it. In addition, most students who were precondition capsules to treat their drug abuse related disorders were not willing to take them, which resulted, to a lot of wastage. Consequently, it was not easy to get urine samples for test from drug abusers since most of them could not go out it. (El-Guebaly & Hodgins,1992).Research strategies Having a topic of study, the phenomenological research strategy involved, first developing the topic. In case, it is a drug abuse among university students in Ottawa, What effects does the use illicit drugs such as cocaine, marijuana and many others throw off on the health of students? needed to be asked before proceeding with the research. The next step involved decision the background information on drug abuse by university students in Ottawa. This was do by looking for the key words of the topic from encyclopedias with the subject. From the encyclopedia, several articles were read which set the context for the research.Additional background information was gear up from textbooks and other reserved materials, which involved research, conducted on the same topic by distinguishable researchers in diametric course of studys. It also involved finding out for how long this has been going on and what has been done to prevent it (Ogborne, Braun & Schmidt, 1996). The research further involved finding books and articles to find out what other researchers who conducted their study on the same topic install out. It was from here that a comparison was made to find out if the statistics on the drug abuse by university students in Ottawa has changed.The past studies were of great significance since different ideas on what should be done to prevent the practice were suggested without having to repeat the measures that had been implemented and which did not work. In concluding the research, different sources of information were evaluated and cited in relation to how comprehensive the information got from them were. Role of the researcher The main role of the researcher in this study was to interview different students to be able to verify their opinions and perception of the use of illicit drugs within or outside their learning institutions.The researcher was also to find out the study motivations behind the students drug abuse behavior and the effects they suffer after consuming the drugs. In addition, the researcher was to grant some drug abuse disorder related capsules to fin d out how stiff they could be in decrease drug samples in job. Furthermore, the researcher was to carry out some random tests on some of the drug abusers to find out the drug that is most commonly abused by university students in Ottawa (Weibe, 1994). Strategies for ensuring trustworthinessDuring the study, it was not easy to convince the students to reveal information regarding their drug abuse behaviors. This was because the students were more refer about preserving their privacy, which they were not willing to make known to the institution authorities, their parents and even friends. It was therefore upon the researchers to explore different strategies to convince the students that whatever they were going to discuss was to remain a secret between the student and the interviewer.This was done by ensuring that the involved only two mess i. e. the researcher and the student in a private room where no any other party could steal the topic of discussion (Christensen, Jacobson, 1 997). Literature limited review The phenomenological research on drug abuse by university students in Ottawa shew out that the drugs possibly abused by these students are mainly prescription drugs. Such drugs are usually opiate based for cark relief, tranquilizers, stimulants and amphetamines. separates also include sedatives and barbiturates.The study however found out that the most seriously abused drugs by the students of Ottawa University are cocaine and marijuana. Most students who abuse drugs such as the barbiturates were found to do so with the intention of getting rid of anxiety and sleep disorders. On the other hand, the abusers of tranquillizers consume them with an intention of reducing stress and panic attacks. Studies on drug abuse by students since 1970s has shown that male students consume more drugs than their female counterparts. The frequency of drug usage was also found to be high in males than in females.For example, a study conducted on Ottawa University st udents on drug abuse confirmed that about 74% of male students compared to 53% of female students consumed more than one to two standard drinks in the previous year (Corbett, 1994). Very recent studies on drug abuse among university students however showed that there was a smaller sexual activity difference in levels of drug consumption. A recent survey of Ottawa university students showed that 83. 3% of female students and 84. 9% of male students had abused drugs in the past one year. Most Ottawa university male and female students are assumed to consume drugs moderately.Nevertheless, a clear gender difference is confirmed from self-reported by the students of excessive drug consumption. The excessive consumption especially alcohol consumption is defined by four or more drinks by female students on a single occasion and five or more drinks by male students on a single occasion. The rate for harmful consumption for female students is however higher than that of male students. Almos t a half of the total female students (42%) who had engaged in drug abuse were reported to have had harmful abuse as compared to 46.3% of all the male students who had abused drug that year reported to have had harmful abuse (Ogborne, Braun & Schmidt 1996). stabbing consumption of drugs as was set included those who felt in the wrong after consuming the drug, those who could not remember anything after taking the drug, those who suffered drug abuse related injuries and those whom after consumption of the drugs suggested reduction in drug abuse among students (El-Guebaly, 1990). Other than those who suffered harmful abuse, there are those who were found to be dependent abusers. Dependent abusers involved approximately 28.6% of female students and 30. 5% of male students. It was illustrious that the dependent abusers could not stop using the drugs, could not perform expected activities after the consumption of drugs or needed some morning consumption of the drugs. The table below shows the percentage of university students by sex who were reported past year for harmful and dependent drinking. Sex Harmful drinking Dependent drinking Female 42% 28. 6% Male 46. 3% 30. 5% On further survey, 56 percent of all the female abusers were found to be taking at least(prenominal) five drinks on a single occasion in the course of the year.On the other hand, 26. 1% were found to be taking at least eight drinks on one occasion during the same period. In addition to the above surveys, a research conducted indicated that 30. 4% of male students were reported to have taken alcohol beyond the low risk guidelines for alcohol consumption as compared to 15. 2% of the female students (Ogborne, shining& Rush 1998). According to the research, in a situation where the harm got from drug abuse is as a result of substance abuse, there occurs very small gender difference quoted by male and female students.For instance a study conducted in 2004 confirmed that 6. 9% of female students a nd 9. 1% of male students reported that there occurred at least harm in their lives during the past year as a result of their drug consumption and 30. 4% of female and 30. 7% of male students reported harm as a result of another persons consumption(Corbett, 1994) In 1994 a survey recent reports showed an increasing drug abuse for illicit drugs such as cocaine, heroin and others by male and female students.Generally, male students were found to be on the front line when it comes to reporting the use of illicit drugs as compared to their female counterparts. Nevertheless, the most recent reports point to an increasing self-reports by both female and male students in the use of halter although a satisfying gender difference remains. On alcohol and other drugs abuse, 10% of male students and 5% of female students were reported to be abusers of cannabis while a same study conducted in 2004 indicated an step-up to 18% for male students and 10% for female students.In addition, the same study in the 2004 indicated that 7. 35% of female students and 14. 1% of male students were abusers of cocaine. The study conducted in Ottawa University provided enough evidence that the difference in gender in relation to illicit substance use is getting smaller. Alarm on this situation has attracted internationalist attention especially from Australia, united sates and other European Union countries. In the year 2004, 15. 8% of female students and 18. 1% male students reported harms from their own cannabis consumption.Research has shown that approximately 25% to about 33% of all students using shooter drugs in Ottawa University are female students. This has been identified as a major factor for human immunodeficiency virus infection in female students. It has been noted that of the entire positive tests of HIV in women from the year 1985 to 2002, between 33% and 48% have been as a result of injection drug use. Reports from the study revealed that there is consumption of the keto m plant leaves by university students in Ottawa as a drug because the leaves of ketom plants contain hallucinogens, which are as intoxicating as marijuana.The increased abuse of drugs in university colleges is fault on the difficulties in enforcing laws in such institutions, which speeds up the spread of such drugs. (Corbett, 1994). A further research showed that many drug users do suffer mood disorders. For instance among those abusing cocaine, the most commonly detected disorders are depressive disorders. The analysis revealed that the association between mood disorders and drug abuse among the abusers is usually very complicated. Most drug abusers do build up depression that comes as a result of physical and psychological natural selection connected with the use of drugs.The study showed that most students who suffered mood disorders after abusing cocaine became drug dependent after making attempts of self-medication. Initially it was not easy to handle the conditions of studen ts who were suffering from both mood disorders and drug abuse but it became possible after a research revealed that a treatment on mood disorders just could have a positive effect on drug abuse (Boyd, Millard & Webster 1985). A research that was conducted on students involved urine test whereby unsystematic weekly examinations indicated a significant high use of cocaine as compared to marijuana by different students.Most of the students who tested positive for drug abuse however, were found to have come from families with a history of substance abuse, which in most situations reached, back to several generations. in all students from such families had started abusing the drugs long before enrolling in the institution. All students who participated in the study and who happened to be drug abusers were given packets of capsules which they were to take two times each day during the four week study. For most of the students, the capsules included lithium prescription that had shown i ts effectiveness in treating adult bipolar patients.Bipolar disorder in most students was found to have been caused by substance abuse disorder including the use of marijuana, alcohol, cocaine and other multiple drugs. During the study, a number of students were also treated as outpatients and given weekly therapy sessions in addition. In the course of the study, blood vessels of lithium were tested at least twice every week to ensure that the participants were taking the capsules given to them. Samples of urine were also taken on a similar basis to scrutinize the use of drug (Christensen & . Jacobson, 1997).The percentage of the students taking the lithium capsules, the drug positive samples changed from 38% to approximately 8% indicating a significant reduction. Four random tests were conducted during the study and the urine samples that were tested revealed the students self reports. They were definitely a noteworthy reduction in the use of drug. In addition to reduction in drug use, the students receiving lithium capsules progressed in the symptoms of bipolar disorder. The improvement was mainly noted in their ability to function properly in school activities as compared to how they could function before the study.Chronically drug dependent students who were suffering from primary and secondary depression were accepted in the course of the study and treated. Most students who experienced a drop in depressive symptoms and those who noted improvements confessed that they had noted a reduction in their crave and use of drugs mainly cocaine and marijuana. The research that was conducted indicated that there has been roughly forty years of trying to prevent drug abuse among university students in Ottawa. This has been done by conducting callowness counseling especially to those who have developed drug addiction.In addition to youth counseling a treatment centre for youth who are suffering from drug abuse related disorders have been undefended to stand by t reat the youth. In an evaluation of the best measures to put forward in trying to find treatment to substance abuse in Canada, a study showed that female students do suffer a lot of stigma in connection with their substance abuse problem as compared to the male students. In addition, the research has established that the female students do suffer much confrontation from their families and friends and most negative consequences in treatment center (El-Guebaly, 1990).The female students do suffer the negative consequences in treatment centers as a result of problems from family members, neglect by friends, lack of finances to cater for the treatment bill and other discriminatory effects related to the well-being of females. It has been present in different researches that advertising of drugs has a very infrangible influence on the way university students in Ottawa perceive some of these drugs and can therefore be a source of motivators to these students to engage in their consumpt ion.Furthermore, female students as compared to male students experience sexual abuse and physical abuse, which in most cases have a strong relationship with substance abuse. Research has demonstrated that female students who had at one time in their lives suffered sexual assault in most cases do use or misuse drugs at early ages and in most cases, they use them in large quantities (El-Guebaly & Hodgins, 1992).For According to the research conducted, the effect of abusing drugs and especially the illicit drugs such as cocaine and marijuana have been found to diverge among female students and also between female and male students depending on the drugs that are on hand for use. The effects of the drugs however do depend on the type of drug consumed, how regular the abuser use the drug, the amount of drug consumed and the general health condition of the person consuming the drug (Smart, 1983). standard a review on the effect between male and female students established that female stu dents are affected very much differently from male students with rapture. The analysis of the study showed that female students with rapture unlike male students do experience more severe sensitive changes and difficulties in making decision. In addition, the female students suffer more long lasting effects such as mood swings, depression, paranoia and anxiety than their male counterparts who engage in the consumption of similar drugs.Consequently, the death rate from substance abuse among university students in Ottawa seems to be high for female students as compared to that of the male students. Findings From the study on the causes of drug abuse by university students in Ottawa its has been found that there is inadequate education and cake measures that look into the needs of different individuals and especially university students over their life span. It has been pointed out that there is an immense distinction between what is said and what is done as far-off as prevention of drug abuse among university students in Ottawa is concerned.According to the planners, prevention measures should be long term and lasting, however most prevention measures put across are always short term due to poor funding. In addition to this, there is lack of treatment centers for people suffering from drug related disorders thus causing long waiting lists for university students (El-Guebaly, 1990). The study has also revealed that advertisements of different drugs and lack of implementation of policies regarding drug abuse in the universities in Ottawa are some of the major motivators behind the students drug abusing behavior.The drugs found to be more accessible as a result and therefore most commonly abused by the students were the cocaine and marijuana. The findings from the research have also indicated that the female students are the major sufferers from drug abuse and addiction even though the male students seem to consume drugs at higher rate and more frequently than t he female students. The death rate from drug abuse of female students has also been found to high as compared to that of male students. ConclusionDespite the fact that drug abuse among university students in Ottawa is still high, research has proved that most of the students involved in the practice are willing to drop the idea and promote their health status when appropriate measures are put in place. It is therefore upon the authorities concerned to take necessary actions to ensure that students are provided with enough information and resources to help them overcome the drug addiction (Ogborne, Smart $ Rush 1998). Significance of the studyThe study conducted on Ottawa university students has proved to be of great significance since several suggestions on how this problem can be resolved have been suggested. The study was also of significance since different students were given an opportunity to express their feelings as far as drug abuse among university students is concerned an d from that, it was realized that most students are willing and are ready to abandon the practice. In addition, most students were able to receive different tests on their blood and urine samples to verify the extent of drug level in their blood.Finally, most students were given capsules, which proved to be very effective in treating, and reducing drug abuse related disorders in their blood. Lessons learned From the studies and researches conducted it was clear that until recently very little attention was paid to female abusing drugs as compared to the attention given to male abusers both within the society and within the learning institutions. This is because females substance abuse has never been as high as that of male up to the recent past.Nevertheless, we are currently seeing some matching in the levels of drug consumption among female and males. The studies have also revealed that in making efforts to promote drug abuse prevention measures and health of the drug addicts in le arning institutions, professionals, addiction system planners and public policy makers have not given any attention to motivations for use of drugs by students and the speeding up consequences of use of drugs by female students in colleges (Boyd & Webster 1985).Future direction From the lessons learnt from the study it was recommended that instead of exploring a system, that involves drug abuse prevention, programs for health promotion that includes males and females, the planners and the programmers should attend to differing needs of different students in relation to their gender, and other problems related to drug abuse.The high rates of heavy drug abuse by female students raised a lot of concern and recommendations such as low risk drinking guidelines for female students were made which required every female student involved in drug abuse to take at most three drinks in a single occasion or less than three in other circumstances depending on the type of drug being used. A furthe r recommendation suggested that male students should limit their drinking to a maximum of fourteen drinks per week and the female students should limit their drinking to a maximum of nine drinks per week.(Abrams, et. al 1993). References Abrams & D. B. et. al. (1993). Integrating Individual and Public Health Perspectives for Treatment Of Tobacco Dependence under Managed Health lot A Combined Stepped Care and Matching Model. Tobacco Control 2 (supplementary) Boyd, N. , Millard, C. J. & Webster, C. D. (1985). Heroin Treatment in British Columbia. 1976-1984. Thesis, Antithesis and Synthesis? Canadian Journal of Criminology 27(2), Christensen, A. , Jacobson, N. S. (1997).HIV, AIDS and Injection Drug Use A theme Action Plan. Ottawa. 5(1, Jan) Corbett, G. (1994). Addiction Education and Training Bringing the Field Together. Report of the Ontario Addictions Coordinating Groups Education and Training Working Group. Ontario Ministry of Health, Toronto. El-Guebaly, N. (1990). Substance Abuse and Mental Disorders The Dual Diagnoses Concept. Canadian Journal of psychiatry El-Guebaly, N. , Hodgins & DC (1992). Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse Prevalence Issues. Can

College exam Essay

There has always been an arousing debate on whether all students be undeniable to take college entrance psychometric stresss in order to be accepted into a desired university. The standardized tests ar currently used all over the United States in order to enroll or nightfall certain students ground on a minimum score according to the college. The most common tests interpreted by high school school students is the ACT and the SAT, both covering basic curriculum involving all major subjects studied throughout localize school, in order to test overall knowledge.Because of the benefits that oppose strictly relying on grade point averages as opposed to having the college entrance exams used in order to accept students, they argon a keen idea and should continue cosmos used because they be much more phone number and fair. Although the tests have proven successful, some might say that the tests dont accurately score students major power to be successful in college universiti es. The people that refer to the exams as an insufficient way of accepting and declining promising students into college have many reasons to believe so.The first issue with these tests is that some people would argue that they dont cover certain material that students may possibly excel in, or further a flight in. Fields such as the arts, music, sciences, and other specialty subjects are all non included on these entrance exams. Not including these areas takes away from students being recognized for their true talents that could be of further use to the university, plainly the college registers could never get the chance to see those talents. other reason why one would argue that the tests are a negative thing would be that not all the tests are equal in difficulty, being a reason why some students could score significantly better than another. Since the exams are not the wish well in content, it isnt fair for one person to be accepted into a college, and another not be accep ted. The final reason why people prefer for them to not be mandatory is because of the contrast for people who score badly on the test, but have very effectual grades throughout high school.Some people arent good test takers, and their good GPA reflects their skills more accurately. These views against students being take to take college entrance exams all are very valid points, but the positives outweigh the negatives when it comes to this. There are many reasons why colleges currently require students to take college entrance exams. The positives definitely contribute to the success in this method of accepting students into college based on their scores. One reason why the tests are a good idea is because of how fair standard the process is when the determining whos admitted into college.There isnt an issue betwixt accepting certain students because their scores on the ACT or SAT are self explanatory. Another reason the test scores are necessary is because grades cannot be a m ain decider. This is because a jackpot of students in high school are not honorable when it comes to work value-system and doing their own overweight work, in other words cheating is an issue. If a college is looking to admit a student based on GPA this could be a mistake, the good grades wont reflect work ethic and test taking skills that are essential to success in college.The final reason that ties to why the college exams are a good method is because these tests cover all important subjects that will be studied in college. The core subjects are really important to be tested over because it shows pure intelligence in a students learning throughout grade school. When choosing students to admit, they will obviously choose the person that scored the highest on an exam that covers basic studies. There are debating topics on whether college entrance exams are a good idea or not.When deciding students to admit into further schooling, there has to be a standard and fair way to determ ine. Exams like the ACT and SAT all cover core classes and knowledge that was studied all through grade school. This way, the deciding is based on the required minimum scores of students so the elimination process has object lesson reasoning and fairness. Although there are negative views on the limited material being tested, the fact that not all the tests are equal in difficulty and that people who do poorly on the test are automatically discriminated and declined.These may be real issues, but the reasons why its a good idea definitely shine through. The fairness and standardization makes it easy to analyze the students, grades are not a good reference for intelligence and potential success in college, and finally the tests show a foretelling of how knowledgeable students are with core subjects and test taking skills that are used every day in college. Standardized college entrance exams should continue being used to decide whether or not one should be admitted into a certain co llege.

Role of Ultrasound in the Early Detection of an Ectopic Pregnancy.

solecism STUDY Role of Ultrasound in the proterozoic detection of an ectopic gestation period. Introduction. Ectopic pregnancy is the poop most common cause of maternal death in the United Kingdom, accounting for 80% of former(a) pregnancy deaths (Lewis and Drife 2004). Furthermore, it is still the most common cause of maternal death in the 1st trimester of pregnancy (Condous G 2006) affecting 1100 pregnancies (Ectopic Pregnancy Trust 2007). For this case study I lead discuss the essence of s seatning women who present in EPUs with a collateral pregnancy rill and any symptoms of a possible ectopic pregnancy.CASE REPORT This is the case of 32yrs old primigravida referred to an early pregnancy unit by her GP with a history of irregular menstrual cycle, heavy bleed for a week and a positive pregnancy test which she did 10days earlier. Conception was spontaneous. Her Gestational eon by her LMP was 4weeks and 4days. A transvaginal ultra-sound was performed which identified the a bsence of an intrauterine gestation sac. The endometrial thickness was 2. 0mm, midline echo inviolate and thin and homogenous. The right ovary was visible and normal the left ovary was visible and normal with a corpus luteum.An adnexal mass separate from the ovary was found adjacent to the left ovary (appendix 1). There was free fluid in the fi address of Douglas with was ground glass appearance which was consistent with haemoperitoneum and was tender to the left were the mass was situated (appendix 2). In tidy sum of the determinations a left tubal ectopic was diagnosed. In keeping with the department protocol an urgent BHCG and progesterone was done whiles she was referred to the speck team for further centering. Result came back as BHCG 72 iu/l and progesterone 3. 00nmol/l..She had a laparoscopic salpingectomy for a left tubal ectopic pregnancy. Histology of the product removed laparoscopically was positive of an ectopic, and a replicate BHCG was repeated after a week. Th e patient was started on antibiotics and recovered successfully. DISCUSSION An ectopic pregnancy is an duplication uterine pregnancy. The most common site for implantation is the fallopian tube however, the conceptus may implant in the ovaries, the cervix, or the abdomen (Drife J, Magowan B 2004). An ectopic pregnancy is a potentially life-threatening gynaecological emergency hat requires urgent intervention. With the above case her LMP indicated a pregnancy of less than 5weeks. She would cod been considered outside the criteria of finding an ectopic pregnancy, and would have been considered a possible early miscarriage. With the patients history of irregular release a decision was made to scan. An irregular period can mean that ovulation does not match her last menstrual cycle. only sexually active women of reproductive age who present with lower abdominal pain, with or without vaginal bleeding an ectopic pregnancy must be excluded.When muliebrity present in a clinic and has h ad a positive test either at home or at a GP practice it is an quality she is large(predicate), and as mention by (Bisset, et al 2002) the role of ultrasound is to identify the site of the pregnancy, if an intrauterine pregnancy is not found then ectopic pregnancy should be considered. Likewise a study by (Haider et al 2006) found out that providing ultrasound as an initial assessment with suspected ectopic has ameliorate clinical management. She should be scan to identify the site of the pregnancy this was why the decision to scan these women in the department even before an HCG test is carried out. but with her history of irregular period a decision should be made to scan. (The Early Pregnancy RCOG guidelines 2006) confirms a BHCG below 100 iu/l and progesterone below 60iu/l should be treated as an ectopic. When the scan was done and an endometrium of 2mm was seen. The endometrium thickness and appearance can be can be deceptive and these findings can be interpreted as a non pr egnant uterus The water system dipstick test for beta-hCG (urinary pregnancy test) carried out is a quick, easy, and sensitive test.It has a sensitivity of 99% at a urine beta-hCG level greater than 25 IU/L, If a woman has a damaging urinary pregnancy test, this almost invariably means that she does not have an ectopic pregnancy. However a blood beta-HCG of 72 iu/l was a low level in keeping with guidelines and if this was done preceding to the scan it would have been interpreted as a possible failing pregnancy. However, (Condous G, 2006) insists that if it is positive the woman should have a USS.As the vast majority of ectopic pregnancies are tubal, there is ongoing debate in regard to the best method to investigate and diagnosing (tubal) ectopic pregnancy. In Condous report it was recommended that a urine test be done but most patients would have had a test prior to their chaffer in the clinic. An ectopic pregnancy should be suspected in any woman of reproductive age with any s ymptom the above patient presented with however these can be associated with symptoms of miscarriages or other non-pregnancy connect etiology. Clinicians should be very suspicious of this symptom although patients can present with others.A recently published palingenesis by (Sawyer and Jurkovic 2007) found that the most accurate way to diagnosing an ectopic pregnancy is the use of a combination of ultrasonography, serum beta-hCG, and histology, either following laparoscopy or dilatation and curettage (D&C). These were all carried out in the purpose of diagnosing, confirming and ensuring a resolution to the problem. However, unlike ultrasonography, neither biochemistry nor histology is available immediately, and when presented with a pregnant woman with pain and/or vaginal bleeding, clinicians must urgently exclude an ectopic pregnancy.As such, the initial investigation should be ultrasonography. With the above patient the ultrasound identified fluid in the pouch of Douglas and hae moperitoneum which could have been a rupturing corpus luteal cyst could be the closest differential diagnosis however the thick tubal ring and a solid corpus luteum seen in this case strongly favours ectopic gestation as the diagnosis (appendix 3). This case highlights an example of a situation in which an ectopic pregnancy was adequately diagnosed instead than of a complete miscarriage. Free fluid was noted, it was echogenic suggestive of haemoperitoneum.Colour. Doppler study reveals a highly vascular ring of fire appearance surrounding the tubal ring, confirming that the cystic adnexal mass is an ectopic gestational sac. This appearance is due to a high velocity, low resistance, and trophoblastic flow through the feeding ramification of the uterine artery on the affected tubal gestation site, which may aid in constrictive the differential, leading to early detection of the condition. It is usually seen as a variable sized mass, consisting of a hypoechoic displace and surrounde d by a thick echogenic rim.This tubal ring can be used to cope an ectopic from a ruptured corpus luteum cyst, which is its closest differential. Separate studies by (Ash et al 2007) and (Vaisky et al 2007) demonstrated the survey of transvaginal colour flow Doppler in aiding the diagnosis of cornual ectopics. REFERENCES Ash, A, Smith, A, Maxwell,. D (2007) Caesarian scar Pregnancy. British Journal of midwifery and Gynaecology. Volume 1143253-263 Bisset R. , Khan A, Thomas N (2002)-Differential Diagnosis on Obstetric and Gynaecological Ultrasound. moment Edition. Elsevier Science limited. London. Condous G. Ectopic pregnancy risk factors and diagnosis.Aust FAM Physician. 2006 35854857. Drife J, Magowan B, editors. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology. London, United Kingdom Saunders 2004. pp. 169171. Haider . Z, Condous. G, Khalid. A. , Kirk. , Bourne. T,. train Calster. B (2006) Impact of the availability of sonography in The Acute Gynaecology Unit Lewis G. , Drife J, Why Mothe rs cash in ones chips 20002002 The Sixth Report of Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom London, United Kingdom munificent College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists 2004. Royal College of Obstetrician and Gynaecologist (2006).Green Top Guidelines in Early Pregnancy loss (WWW) http//www. rcog. org. uk/resources/ in the public eye(predicate)/pdf/green top 25 management epl. pdf (April 5th 2007). Sawyer E, Jurkovic D. Ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of abnormal early pregnancy. Clinical Obstet Gynecol. 2007 503154. Vasky, D. , Hamani Y. , Verstanig, A. , Yagel, S (2007)The use of 3D rendering, VCI-C,3d Power Doppler and B flow in the Evaluation of Interstitial Pregnancy with Arteriovenous malformation treated by discriminating Uterine Artery Embolization. Ultrasound in Obstetric and Gynaecology . Volume 293352-355.

Clam system Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Clam system - Term subject ExampleA clan is an extensive type of lineage that is characterized by blood relations whereby entirely relatives from either the mothers or fathers lineage, together with all the ancestors and their offspring in that lineage ar considered as members. The main features of a clan include being an exogamous group, having a common ancestor and being unilateral. Being unilateral means that a clan was/is made up families from the fathers or the mothers side (Middleton and David 38). Clans were and are not made up of a combination of lineages of both the mother and the father. Almost all communities had unilateral clan systems which was either lineal or matrilineal lineage.Clans were also exogamous groups because all members of a clan were believed to be descendants of a common ancestor, hence most communities discouraged intra-clan marriages. Some clans had ancestors that some scholars term as mythical, while others had concrete ancestors. They were also sm all and they were led by elders who were in charge of making all crucial decisions touch on their clans and that of the community at large, but in conjunction with other clan elders from a community.Unlike the modern font type of state governance whereby government officials make decisions purported to be representing the will of the citizens, clans were based on the we feeling, an cyclorama that made decisions made to be more representative. Almost all clans across the globe had teams of elders or the so-called council of elders who were in charge of making decisions affecting the clan and the community (Hudson, Thomas and Robbie 42). Councils of elders from different clans, but who are from the same tribe or community could come together and make decisions affecting the community at large.In case two or more communities were involved in disputes, clan leaders would have the best representatives to negotiate with leaders from the other communities in order to come up